Critical Path Analysis - 2913 Words

Critical Path Analysis INTRODUCTION: Planning, Scheduling and Controlling are three important functions of management. Planning involves the formulation of objectives and goals that are subsequently translated into Specific plans and projects. Scheduling is concerned about the implementation of activities necessary to achieve the laid down plans. The function of control is to institute a mechanism that can trigger a warning signal if actual performance is deviating (in terms of time, cost and some other measures of effectiveness) from the plan. If such a deviation is unacceptable to the concerned manager, he will be required to take corrective action to bring performance in conformity with the plans. The PERT and†¦show more content†¦Breaking down the project into smaller components permits better and closer control. 2. Critical path analysis offers economical and effective system of control based on the principle of management by exception i.e. need for corrective action arises only in exceptional situations and in most of other cases, performance is in conformity with the plans. 3. It is a dynamic tool of management which calls for constant review, a reformulation of the network, and finding the current path of relevance and optimum resources allocation. FUNDAMENTALS OF A CPA NETWORK ( Activity An activity is any portion of a project which consumes time or resources and has a definable beginning and ending. For example, laying of pipe is an activity requiring the use of resource mainly effort. Activity may involve labour, paper work, contractual negotiations, machinery operations, etc. Commonly used terms synonymous with activity are task and job. Figure 1 and 2 Activities are graphically represented by arrows, usually with description and time estimates written along the arrows. The tail of the arrow portraying an activity represents the starting point of the activity and itsShow MoreRelatedDelay Analysis Of The Critical Path1836 Words   |  8 PagesAll of the delay analysis techniques in this case study depend on the analysis of the critical path. These methods are categorized as the CPM- techniques for quantification. Methods like as-planned vs. as-built are simple and easy to perform; it just follows the basic guidelines without referencing with the supplementary data and any modification. On the other hand, methods like â€Å"window† analysis, collapsed as-built using complex, additive and subtractive analysis give better and accurate resultsRead MoreProject Duration And Critical Path Analysis1288 Words   |  6 Pages EPPAKAYALA SOMARAJU 14/12/2015 ASSIGNMENT 1 SYSTEM ANALYSIS â€Æ' Table of Contents Abstract 3 SYSTEM ANALYSIS 4 Organizational Model 4 Interviewing persons 5 Senior software developer objectives. 5 Development manager. 5 Divisional head. 6 JuniorRead MoreEssay on Two Business A2 Level Critical Path Analysis Questions708 Words   |  3 PagesQ1) Discuss the benefits to Balfour Beatty of using critical path analysis in order to plan its construction projects. (15 marks) Critical path analysis identifies the most efficient and cost effective way of completing a complex project. The various activities which together will make up the project are identified, and the order of these activities are identified. Then, the duration of each activity is estimated and these factors are then arranged as a network or graph, showing the whole projectRead MoreCritical Path Analysis: Its Use and Limitations1567 Words   |  7 PagesConsider critical analysis as a project planning tool. Can you think of circumstances in which this would not be a good tool to use on a project? Introduction As firms begin to realize the need to improve on their project management capabilities, many companies and software developers have charged to fill this need by offering tools and techniques for a variety of projects. Some are tools for portfolio management, and some focus on particular disciplines within the project management field. ToolsRead MoreDelays Affecting The Construction Schedule1678 Words   |  7 Pagescontractor gets a time extension but no additional compensation. The above conditions depend on the contractual terms, general practices and the particular law in your jurisdiction. Also, there are two important types of delays; viz. critical path delays and non-critical path delays. Depending on the type of delay and the effect on the actual schedule, the liabilities of the delays are assigned to the parties. One case decided by the Federal Claims Court stated, An exact definition of concurrent delayRead MoreApplying Pert And Critical Path Method1181 Words   |  5 PagesAPPLYING PERT AND CRITICAL PATH METHOD IN EVENT MANAGEMENT TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. ABSTRACT 2. INTRODUCTION 3. METHODOLOGY 4. FIGURES 5. METHODOLOGY 6. CONCLUSION 7. REFERENCES LIST OF FIGURES 1. Representing the activities to be performed, the necessary time and its costs 2. Chart PERT representing the tasks between the time and costs of the organization trainer 3. The PERT chart representing the critical path, its cost and the total time of dance training. 4. Representing theRead MoreBook Report Essay687 Words   |  3 Pages1. Provide the definitions of critical path and critical chain. How do they differ? Critical path and critical chain are both schedule network analysis techniques. Critical path is the one that determines the shortest time to complete a project, which assumes low uncertainty and does not consider resource dependencies. Critical chain is a modified or refined technique about critical path; it involves the deterministic and probabilistic approaches to analyze the project schedule, which isRead MoreThe Measurement Of Success Of Any Project Time, Cost, Safety, Quality And Customer Satisfaction1491 Words   |  6 Pagesthe timeline of the schedule by various participants in the project, followed by mathematical analysis to propose that the major reasons for delays are the domestic issues of the country. 2.1 Current techniques for the analysis of delays Following are three different modes of application of delay analysis techniques based on their simulations with fundamental schedules: 1. Direct Analysis Direct analysis involves examining the available schedule information without doing any simulations and modificationsRead MoreProject Management Scheduling1657 Words   |  7 PagesTitle Successful Project Management Scheduling outcomes: A Theoretical Comparative Analysis of networking techniques between Event, Chain with other traditional methodologies Research Question Why it is important to conduct a comparative analysis of Event, Chain with other traditional methodologies and investigate how it contributes in being Successful scheduling techniques in Project Management discipline? Introduction to Dissertation Nowadays, Project scheduling plays lot of benefactorRead MoreDesign And Development Of Simulator For Risk Analysis1680 Words   |  7 PagesDesign and Development of Simulator for Risk Analysis Harpreet Kaur. Er. Isha Sharma PG Student Assistant Professor Deptt. Of Computer Science and Engineering Deptt. Of Computer Science and Engineering Chandigarh University, Gharuan Chandigarh University, Gharuan Abstract- In software designing every phase consume some

The Psychosocial Aspects Of Any Condition - 854 Words

The psychosocial aspects of any condition must be taken into account to achieve patient centred care. The literature for CNSLBP suggests that the influences are substantial, so much so that they have been shown to contribute to the outcomes of non-psychosocial interventions. Physiotherapists can therefore begin to extend their scope of practice, considering the psychosocial impacts of CNSLBP to their patients, and how to best address them. Hill and Fritz’s (2011) synthesis of the literature highlighted the considerable prevalence of psychosocial influences in the CNSLBP population. They found depression, fear-avoidance beliefs and catastrophising to be common. The presence of these factors have been shown to be significant predictors in chronicity, pain, disability and return to work (Linton and Hallden, 1998 and Wertli et al, 2014). By providing reassurance, education and advice, physiotherapists can play a key role in challenging these behaviours. The NICE (2009) guidelines suggest that patients should be educated in combination with other interventions, with a focus on promoting self-management. ‘Brief education’ is therefore a key concept and its use is supported in the literature. Findings from a systematic review showed strong evidence for positive effects on sick leave and short-term disability when compared with normal care (Brox et al, 2008). Again, the use of a pure educational intervention was challenged. The combination of education with other interventionsShow MoreRelatedResilience1499 Words   |  6 PagesQuestion: Discuss the impact of chronic medical conditions on adolescents and identify ways of promoting resilience or positive development. Chronic medical conditions can have significant consequences in various aspects among adolescents. According to the World Health Organisation (WHO), chronic conditions are diseases that progress over a slow period of time and remain for a long duration of an individual’s life. Adolescence, as defined by WHO, is the period of life from 10-19 years of age.Read MoreBiological, Psychological, And Social Factors1505 Words   |  7 PagesA bio-psychosocial describes an approach systematically considers biological, psychological, and social factors and their complex interactions in understanding health, illness, and health care delivery. Biological factors include defective biological processes compounds that lead to biological dysfunction and illness. Psychological factors are about the individual’s emotions, behavior, and mental processes. Social factors include social status and relations. These factors are all considered in anRead MoreEssay Anxiety Disorders1302 Words   |  6 Pagescoping process for individuals. On some occasions, anxiety may become so severe that it impairs the ability to cope and can create psychosocial impairment. High levels of anxiety that interfere with daily activities and social interaction are considered a psychiatric disorder. Anxiety disorders are treatable and can have profound effects on the psychosocial aspect of the individuals life. This paper will discuss the possible causes of anxiety disorders and the affects that it may have on anRead MoreTreatment Plan For Health Condition And Treatment1167 Words   |  5 Pagesdo about it Heart Health Condition Social worker is to begin by conducting a psychosocial assessment on the patient. Considering his noncompliance to adhering to his treatment, it is important to identify any psychological factors related to regimen adherence. The psychosocial assessment will help the multidisciplinary team understand the patient’s behavior. The clinical assessment should include any problems from the patient related to adjusting to his health condition and treatment, problems relatedRead MoreSymptoms And Treatment Of Schizophrenia1476 Words   |  6 Pagesstigmatized disorder has many different aspects to the disorder. The standard diagnostic criteria for Schizophrenia are characteristic symptoms, social and occupational dysfunction and the duration of the symptoms. Everyday health describes Paranoid Schizophrenia as â€Å"Delusions of grandeur or persecution afflict paranoid schizophrenics, along with feelings of anger. These patients often argue a lot and can be violent.† RB is beli eved to have all the concerning aspects that clients with Schizophrenia haveRead MoreCoping With Chronic And Serious Health Conditions1656 Words   |  7 PagesWhat is Coping? The concept of coping has been used to describe components of the process of dealing with chronic and serious health conditions (Aldridge Roesch, 2007). Although there are many definitions and theoretical models used to understand this construct, it is usually understood as cognitive and/or behavioral efforts to reduce or tolerate situations that are perceived as stressful to an individual (Aldridge Roesch, 2007). Coping responses are cognitions and actions children and adolescentsRead MoreThe Total Economic Burden Of Pain1351 Words   |  6 PagesAmerican adults suffer from chronic pain. The total economic burden of pain in 2010 is estimated to range from $560 to $635 billion. Of these, lost productivity alone cost between $299 to $335 billion; which approximates the yearly cost of heart condition and exceeding the total cost of cancer and diabetes. On a per person basis, the incremental cost of all US health care expenditures in 2010 is $8233, moderate and severe chronic pain accounted for $4516 (55% of total) and $7726.20 (93.8% of total)Read MorePersonal Philosophy Of Nursing Practice Essay1603 Words   |  7 PagesKirwan (2013) writes â€Å"[e]mpirical workover the past decade shows support for this conceptualization of nursing practice in terms of psychosocial support, and a recognition of the patient/client as a whole person, with psychological, social and physical care requirements. Such conceptualizations describe nursing as essentially a humane practice focused on the psychosocial and spiritual as well as the physical needs of a patient† (p. 25). Nursing practice without philosophy and nursing models would haveRead MoreErik Erikson s Theory Of Development1395 Words   |  6 Pagesappreciate and understand the social, emotional, physical, educational, and cognitive growth that children go through from birth to early adulthood. Grand theories attempt to organize and arrange concepts and aspects of development using a step approach. Such as that of Erik Erikson’s theory, the Psychosocial Identity Development theory, in which he addresses the development of personal, emotional, and social progression in an individual through stages (Pretorius et al., 2015). Erikson’s model for the approachRead MoreThe Indian Act1558 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction: The Indian Act was first proposed in 1876. The Indian Act was mainly used as a way for the federal government to control aspects of Native American lives. During the 1880’s the federal government told Indian families that if they wanted their children to have an education, it was to be done under them. These institutions would be known as Residential Schools. Residential Schools were not good for the Native Americans due to the education being taught was there to â€Å"take away† the Indian

Encouraging Creative Thinking And Expression - 870 Words

Encouraging creative thinking and expression are daily goals for teachers. Engaging with students is a form of promoting creativity and established a comfortable relationship with the environment that they are in. This is good for the youngster to express his or her interests. The children learn and the teachers gain trust from the student when he or she is allowing them to get familiar with his environment, leading a close relationship with the teacher and the classroom. This makes a more depth concentration academically when he or she has the curiosity about learning. Also during playing time teachers can benefit in learning the individual interest of the kid when he/she is playing in the classroom. Teachers understand that is very important to be creative, because this leads to learning. Also, as the phrase said, It s not the product, it s the process.(Bredekamp,402). It is a matter of gaining satisfaction from their creative activity. Having a variety of creative plays in the classroom is a requirement to promote their created interests in the classroom . Teachers need to find ways to acquire as many Manipulatives that are interesting for the children . Also the Manipulatives have to be appropriate for the children to influence the interest in promoting the creativity in a child s mind. Communication is a plus in exploring creativity. Encourage the child by interacting with them at all times can promote such behavior. Talking to them whileShow MoreRelatedThe Average Employee Can Be Trained1000 Words   |  4 PagesStatement Overview: The average employee can be trained to be highly creative in the workplace Definition: Richard Foster: creativity is the ability to produce a new and useful insight through imaginative skill to associate two previously unassociated fields. INTRODUCTION In today’s rapidly changing business environment, the ability to transform obstacles into opportunities can be a firm’s biggest advantage (SamaÃ… ¡onok LeÃ… ¡kienÄâ€", 2015). As organizations recognize the need to be adaptable, creativityRead MoreTeaching Is A Collaborative Process And Help Students Develop Critical Thinking Skills Essay928 Words   |  4 Pagespositive classroom. There are many teaching technique help educators create a new positive experiences for children and their families. An effective teaching style and student participation in the learning process and help students develop critical thinking skills. Traditional teaching style has evolved with the introduction of differentiated instruction, prompting teachers to adjust their style to the learning needs of students. Three new ideas from the book that I am interesting are in chapter 2Read MoreDefending the Arts Essay907 Words   |  4 PagesDefending the Arts Tiffany O’Connell ARTS/100 Defending the Arts Art refers to the expression or application of human creative skill and imagination typically in a visual form such as painting and producing works to be appreciated primarily for their beauty or emotional power. They are various branches of creative activity, such as painting, music, literature, and dance. The elements of the composition of the art are used to arrange or organize the componentsRead MoreLearning Increase Future Employability Of Students753 Words   |  4 Pagesadapt quickly in response. Some changes might include placing additional emphasis on developing skills such as critical thinking, analysis capabilities, integrating new-media literacy and the ability to collaborate and work in groups. This essay will briefly discuss how some skills being taught in inquiry based learning increase future employability of students. Critical Thinking Inquiry is a reaching stance of going beyond information and experience, to seek an explanation, to ask why and to considerRead MoreVisual Arts : Visual Art Essay1552 Words   |  7 PagesVisual arts are affected by many factors, including the language used and media of visual communication, historical and social forces, and the evolution of new modes of expression. Studying visual arts gives an overall exposure to various aspects of fine art and design. This course will enable you to create your own artistic expression in any area of 2-D and 3-D art. This includes: 1. drawing and painting 2. graphics, including: a) film and video b) photography c) printmaking d) computer graphics 3Read MoreEssay about Cypop 71055 Words   |  5 Pages– Promote creativity and creative learning in young children 1.1 – Analyse the differences between creative learning and creativity Creative learning is about how children are actively involved in their own learning and their ability to make choices and decisions. This can be achieved by providing a creative environment, allowing exploration through play and praising the child’s creative efforts. Creative learning is about helping children develop imaginative thinking through exploration of materialsRead MoreExpressive Arts Therapy Essay1176 Words   |  5 PagesExpressive arts therapy is the use of art modalities, creative process, and aesthetic experience in a therapeutic context. It is a therapy of the imagination (McNiff, 1992). Effective communication is an essential element in therapeutic relationships and, although verbal language is the most conventional means of conveying information, other forms can convey just as much as words. The arts are an alternative form of communication that has recently received recognition for their value in therapeuticRead MoreReflection Of Organic Chemistry1429 Words   |  6 Pageswitness a first class from Farias de Lima: â€Å"The level of discomfort and dread in the room was palpable, but Jailson’s excitement functioned as a powerful antidote† (DeWolfe). Thus, despite the groans and displeased expressions sprinkled throughout the room, Jailson’s joyful expression seemed as resilient as ever. His plan was to revolutionize the way we saw the world. Creativity is indispensable in science, and with this art project, he plans to benefit chemistry forever. Jailson Farias de Lima isRead MoreWriting Across And Against The Curriculum1159 Words   |  5 PagesCurriculum.† College Composition and Communication. 54.3 (2003): 472-485. Art Young, in the article â€Å"Writing Across and Against the Curriculum,† proposes an innovative and effective approach to promoting language skills and critical thinking amongst college students. As an English professor, Young describes a project in which his campus used poetry across the curriculum to stimulate learning in a variety of subject areas, including English, psychology, accounting, biology, and engineeringRead MoreWhy Intelligence Is Measured By Standardized Test Scores And Letter Grades1521 Words   |  7 PagesHargrove (2003) found that high-stakes testing, with its emphasis on drill-and-kill skills, limits teachers’ flexibility and inhibits the creativity of teachers and students by detracting from opportunities to explore and discover, develop critical thinking, and further personal growth† (Olivant 116). Another way standardized testing approach is hurtful is that almost dehumanizes students with it’s lack of creativity and personality. It teaches students that the most important things about them are

A Summary Of John Locke And Jean-Jacques Rousseau

The Enlightenment period questioned traditional methods of educating children and introduced revolutionary new ways of thinking to bring about improvements in education and to actual allow students to enjoy learning. Before the Enlightenment, children were treated like small adults with no thought given to the development of very young children and once they were old enough to receive education it consisted of forced memory work along with harsh discipline (Platz Arellano, 2011). The Enlightenment changed this way of thinking by questioning â€Å"what we are like naturally like (human nature), vs how we are influence by society† (Norris, 2017, slide 25). It brought about the â€Å"belief in the possibility of improvement of all of humanity†¦show more content†¦When Locke left London to live in France and Holland because of health issues, he wrote letters to Edward and Mary Clark telling them his thoughts on how they should educate their son. These letters were later published in 1632 as Some Thoughts Concerning Education (Murphy, 2006 ). Locke’s Some Thoughts Concerning Education criticizes the teaching methods of that time and suggests improvements but it also covers a wide range of other topics like how children should be dress, what they should eat, the importance of regularly going to the bathroom, and the need for physical activity, all of which goes towards making a â€Å"sound mind in a sound body† (Locke, 1692, sec.1). Locke (1692) states the importance of education when he writes, â€Å"that of all the men we meet with, nine parts of ten are what they are, good or evil, useful or not, by their education† (sec. 1). Although Locke’s treatise on education was written for â€Å"boys of the gentlemen class† (Shouse, 1931. p. 25), it was implied that he was writing for the education of all children, including girls. Locke’s educational theory emphasized nurture over nature because as Henson (2003) states, â€Å"he introduced the idea of tabula rasa or blank slate, p roposing that at birth the mind is a blank slate the only way to fill it is through having experiences, feeling these experiences, and reflecting on them† (p.7). Locke believed in finding a virtuous tutor when children were young to lead them by goodShow MoreRelatedThe Influence Of The American Revolution And The Enlightenment799 Words   |  4 Pagesrebelling. John Locke was perhaps the most prominent contributor to the colonists’ mindset. Upon reading the Declaration of Independence, it is clear that Jefferson was an avid reader of Locke. In the first draft of this document, Jefferson promotes Locke’s notion that people have certain inalienable rights--life, liberty, and property, and that government has an obligation to its people to protect those rights. If the government ceased to protect those rights, then it should be overthrown. Locke was theRead MoreA Statement Of The State Of Nature2003 Words   |  9 Pagesamong them in the absence of a government al entity. A further reason it is important is because human nature is still relevant today among political interactions. The most rival views that contest Hobbes view of human nature come from Jean-Jacques Rousseau and John Locke. I will attempt to address each of their views of human nature determine which argument for human nature has more merit. Thus, I will argue that Hobbes argument for the state of nature being a state of war is insufficient and cannotRead More On the Virtues of Private Property in Locke and Rousseau Essay2221 Words   |  9 PagesOn the Virtues of Private Property in Locke and Rousseau John Locke and Jean Jacques Rousseau, following their predecessor Thomas Hobbes, both attempt to explain the development and dissolution of society and government. They begin, as Hobbes did, by defining the â€Å"state of nature†Ã¢â‚¬â€a time before man found rational thought. In the Second Treatise[1] and the Discourse on Inequality[2], Locke and Rousseau, respectively, put forward very interesting and different accounts of the stateRead MoreAnalysis Of Jean Jacques Rousseau s Perfect Freedom Essay1234 Words   |  5 PagesFor Jean-Jacques Rousseau’s claim to be deliberated as true (or at least mostly true), it would require that the essence of the claim is subjectively challenged. First, it would demand that an analysis, substantiated with empiricism, could validate how the family unit is the impetus to dependency and vanity. Secondly, it would appeal for evidence of how dependency and vanity ultimately leads to exploiting the violent and evil tendencies of humanity. Finally, it must be able to provide a link, demonstratedRead MoreThomas Hobbes And The Social Contract3563 Words   |  15 Pagesmight be absent, if not for societal constructs. John Locke, another English philosopher published the Essay Concerning Human Understanding, which expounded on the work of Hobbes by proposing a more integrated and ordered society. The societal implications meant a surrender of some individual freedoms in return for a governmental structure tasked with the responsibility of protections, including the basic rights of life, liberty and property. Locke inferred that external stimuli, such as life experiencesRead MoreEuropean Political Philosophers: John Locke and Jean-Jacues Rousseau1938 Words   |  8 PagesJohn Locke (â€Å"Locke†) and Jean-Jacques Rousseau (â€Å"Rousseau†) are two of the most well known European political philosophers to this day. Locke is a 17th century political philosopher due to him writing his works in the late 1600s. On the other hand Rousseau is an 18th century political philosopher with his writings coming approximately 100 years after Locke’s. While it is known that most philosophers build off the works of their predecessors, there is a vast range between Locke and Rousseau whenRead MoreThe Society ´s View of the Role of Children Essay940 Words   |  4 PagesChristian morality in his children. The changing societal perceptions of children from the 16th to the 18th centuries can be clearly seen in the teachings of European scholars and philosophers. Jean Benedicti, a Franciscan preacher and professor of Theology declares in his 16th century work, A Summary of Sins, that a child must obey the command of the father â€Å"under pain of mortal sin†, except in matters that are against his conscience and the honor of God (Document 7). In one of his essays, FrenchRead More Thomas Jefferson Essay1064 Words   |  5 Pagesmore advanced sciences and math. Beginning in 1760 Jefferson began attending the College of William and Mary in Williamsburg, Virginia. While there he began studying such enlightenment thinkers as Sir Francis Bacon, Sir Isaac Newton, Jean Jacques Rousseau, and John Locke. His admiration for these men became even greater as he began to make his way in life. Once he finished his college education Jefferson decided he wanted to pursue a career in law. To achieve this he began studying for the bar examRead MoreNature vs. Nurture in Language Development1678 Words   |  7 Pageswhich asserts that all knowledge is derived from sense experience. It rejects the notion that the mind is furnished with a range of concepts or ideas prior to experience. Three principal British philosophers who are associated with empiricism are John Locke (1632-1704), George Berkeley (1685-1753), and David Hume (1711-76). in philosophy, a doctrine that affirms that all knowledge is based on experience, and denies the possibility of spontaneous ideas or a priori thought. Empiricism (greek ÃŽ µÃŽ ¼Ãâ‚¬ÃŽ µÃŽ ¹Ã ÃŽ ¹ÃÆ'ÃŽ ¼ÃÅ'Ï‚Read More Societys Struggle Against Its Savage Roots Essay example1914 Words   |  8 Pagessociety that were fed to them unwillingly. They act upon these morals despite their own thoughts and emotions. The latter is the definition of civilization. As it wears away layer after layer in this book, the true savage in mankind is revealed. In summary, the absence of societys physical and social characteristics in the jungle, in Kurtzs mission and on Goldings island contribute to a descent into savagery by characters isolated from the restraints of society. Secondly, intelligence is designed

Ultrahigh Bypass Ratio Propulsion Systems Studied Free Essays

celerate a large mass of air by a small amount than to accelerate a small mass of air by a large amount. In a turbofan jet engine, the airflow rate that bypasses the engine core divided by the airflow rate that travels through the core is called the bypass ratio. The bypass ratio, or BPR, is one of the key indicators of turbofan engine efficiency. We will write a custom essay sample on Ultrahigh Bypass Ratio Propulsion Systems Studied or any similar topic only for you Order Now The desire for better fuel efficiency has resulted in the evolution of commercial aircraft gas turbine engines from early turbojets (BPR=0), to low bypass ratio, first generation turbofans (BPR=1-2), to today’s high bypass ratio turbofans (BPR=5-10). Now, ultrahigh bypass ratio (UHB) turbofans (BPR=10-20) are being designed for a next-generation, intracontinental commercial aircraft. This aircraft could enter service as early as 2020. The Intercenter Systems Analysis Team, consisting of systems engineers from Glenn and Langley Research Centers, conducted an analytical feasibility study of UHB turbofans for NASA’s Fundamental Aeronautics Program. With a little math, it can be shown that fuel efficiency increases along with BPR. The engine core, however, has a limited supply of power available to propel the bypass air stream, so it can be difficult to simply increase BPR arbitrarily. One path to UHB engines and better efficiency is to reduce the fan’s pressure ratio, which lowers the fan’s power requirement and allows higher BPRs. Our analysis team designed nine notional UHB propulsion systems for this new aircraft along a parametric design sweep of fan pressure ratio. Using advanced computational tools, these propulsion systems were ana How to cite Ultrahigh Bypass Ratio Propulsion Systems Studied, Papers

Iagram For The ENISA Big Data Security Infrastructure - Samples

Question: Discuss about the Iagram For The ENISA Big Data Security Infrastructure. Answer: Provide a brief overview of the case study and prepare a diagram for the ENISA Big Data security infrastructure Enisas Threat Landscape 2016 contains the Security of Big Data. Today, cyber attacks are focused on asset of internet in the form of Big Data (Enisa.europa.eu, 2017). But recent developments have shown that it is going to become most prominent tool for security professionals. Charm of Big Data is that it records the patterns and builds a sort of intelligence about the threats that has happened or is going to happen in the future. Enisa is intended to provide enhanced cyber security to the European Union and its Member States by identification of Big Data Security Challenges (Enisa.europa.eu, 2017). In the following case study discussion of threats posed by cyber terrorists and criminals are dealt and the way to tackle them in the realm of Big Data is discussed. Actually, Big Data is the type of technology, the tool and the analytics of data which is used to process huge amount of data as one entity or separate entities. This report focuses on the challenges of information security and also lays emphasis on the changes Big Data has brought in the business world. We are observing a revolution caused by digital data, automation of systems and computation and digitization of every device available. All the activities of humans, machines and even work done in industries are amounting to data in every form. Everything is quantifiable into data (Brewer, 2015). Amount of data is increasing by unprecedented rate and to collect that much amount of data is becoming a daunting task. Big Data is being used by research institutes, scientists, and corporate gurus for analyzing patterns and to build new Big Data technologies (Enisa.europa.eu, 2017). Business men are collaborating with technology providers to build new systems of collection and analysis of large amount of data and to process them very fast. New business models are being developed in which Big Data analysis is being done faster than before with much precision and with pin perfect accuracy. It can be said that Big Data development is still in its research phase but the current rate of development will soon see it to its maturity. One of the biggest problems in the case of Big Data is security. Big Data systems are multifaceted and heterogeneous and to design security of this type of system should be holistic without any lose ends. Day by Day new technologies are being integrated into the Big Data systems which raises new kinds of security issues which needs to be handled. In the following report we will be discussing security problems of various facets which are encountered by Big Data Systems. These security issues are Authentication and access control, Security of Data Management, Filtering and Source Validation. Out of the Top threats which threat would you regard to be the most significant and why? The biggest threat in case of Big Data Security management is that of the privacy. Concerns related to the privacy of data and other issues related to it are the most vital ones which need to be addressed as a top priority (Enisa.europa.eu, 2017). Privacy in the realm of Big Data denotes the blocks of data which is identifiable information which is used to create identity of any person or entity. When an expert designs the security of Big Data system, there are certain points which are kept in mind for their further move. The kind of personal data is being shared and with whom is the first concern. Second concern is the privacy and authentication of the cyber network on which the data is being shared, to ensure that the data is not being viewed by any undesirable entity across the network. This also raises concern of unlawful communication. The third concern is of anonymous communication (Chen Storey, 2012). It is strictly denied that any anonymous is communicating with the system w hich can lead to a disaster for the security of the system.There are many experts who advocate about the business opportunities created by the Big Data system but some people are reluctant about the infinite possibilities of threats that can be posed by private data collectors. Here in Big Data systems profile data is not the cause of concern but the personal data which can be misused in infinite ways if put in wrong hands. Protection of data by using the knowledge, technologies, tools and programs can be done but a greater risk is created by compiling and making available huge amount of data at one place.But at the same time cyber security systems and processes are tailored to protect and analyze data from potential threats which can be caused by latest technologies of data management and analytics. As it can be said that cyber security is an addition to the system of Big Data, privacy of data is magnified when the data transactions create large number of logs which in itself becomes a data which is visible and has to be protected. A certain number of logs are for the viewing of the users as they are confidential information which can be exploited in different ways (Enisa.europa.eu, 2017). In Big Data systems not all of the available data is relevant for its users. Only few of the data systems are being used and the rest are view protected and access protected. If one user wants to look into the data he is not authorized to then he wont get through the system. As Big Data systems are complex and are layered they are designed to that purpose for the confidentiality. Identify and discuss the key Threat Agents. What could be done to minimize their impact on the system? Based on the data provided, discuss the trends in threat probability. There are number of threat agents which can compromise the security of Big Data Systems of an organization which needs to be identified and rectified on a priority basis. The following are some of the key threat agents: Source of data: Data comes from innumerable sources in Big Data systems. The reliability and authenticity of data is a key concern. To mitigate this kind of threat validation and filtering on the incoming data is done on various levels. To provide the trust and protection of data on every level of data is required (Danaher, 2014). These levels are defending on the basis of criticality of data which is coming into the system. There are two levels of data one of which is digital relay and is considered critical because any compromise at this level could change the functionality of the entire system. Another one is battery management level which is less critical. These levels are protected by validation of data. Application Software: Big Data is used in combinations of closed and open sources of software. There are multiple software application models in which data flow is continuous (Gandomi Haider, 2015). This increases the threat of data loss from one software to another. Infrastructure: Security of the meters through which data is maintained in the system comes under the ambit of infrastructure. It is the physical security of the system which is of prime importance (Gantz Reinsel, 2012). Sensor networks and data meters are the main sources of collection of large amount of data in Big Data Systems. Monitoring of these input points is done so that the entire Big Data System remains secure and sound. DOS Attack: Since Big Data systems are network of distributed systems Denial of Service Attack is most prominent threat. In this technology availability of service is the key to run the system properly (Gao, Peng Li, 2015). DOS Attack prevents the system from responding to a request which makes the system unavailable. This attack is linked with the physical cyber security. If the system is attacked by DOS it gives wrong results. It is checked by applying security to the input systems and monitoring the kind of requests made from time to time. Authentication: Access control is one of the major threats in the Big Data system. There are heaps of data including personal and classified data of various fields. It becomes critical to protect that kind of data from falling into wrong hands (Hurst Fergus, 2014). Some of the energy switches act automatically in the Big Data System creates a risk of data as switches have the access to the data available in the system. Mainly those switches are not designed for authentication which leads to the problem of access monitoring. This is rectified by authentication of each switch for each transaction. How could the ETL process be improved? Discuss. Extract, Transform, Load is the process by which the data is inserted into the Big Data analysis system. If there is not much data in the beginning ETL process runs for a night and all the data is uploaded in the system (Enisa.europa.eu, 2017). However, with time the flow of data increases the ETL process takes longer duration to execute. Then he need arises to improve the process of ETL to get work done at a faster pace and with desired accuracy. Some methods to improve the performance are: Tackle Bottlenecks: Keeping records of the metrics such as hardware usage, time and processed records is must and should be done on a priority basis (Kitchin, 2014). Log of the amount of resources being used should be tracked to find out the heaviest one and the lightest one. Incremental Data Loading: Data loading takes time. To load only the difference between the previous data and current data reduces the time of the process (Leyshock Tufte, 2014). It may be difficult than loading the entire data but needs to be done for performance improvement. Division of Large Tables: Relational database improves the performance of data processing instead of using large tables. The method is to cut down large tables into small ones by date or by value. Indices are created for the partitioned tables to grant quick and easy access (Kwon Shin, 2014). It also facilitates switching of data in and out of the table instead of using the conventional insertion and deletion methods. Remove Heavy Data: In Big Data collection there are heaps of data but finding out relevant data and removing vague data is very important to enhance the ETL process (Omosebi Hill, 2015). The data which is entering the data warehouse should be relevant and should be useful. At first small amount of data is targeted for scrutiny and with growth in the amount of data it is narrowed down with precision. Cache the Data: Cache is known to be the fastest memory in a computer system. If the data of the system is allocated into cache it will gradually improve the speed of processing of the data. It is a better option than putting the data into hard drive which takes comparatively more time to process (Oseku-Afful, 2016). It has an advantage that its memory is small and not all data can be put which automatically excludes unimportant data. Parallel Processing: Serial processing of data will take more time than processing the data in parallel (Lynch, 2014). Optimization of sources is needed so that more than one type of data is getting processed with sorting, aggregating functions deployed in it. Use of Hadoop: Apache Hadoop is a tool designed for processing large amounts of data over a cluster of systems (O'Neil, 2017). It maintains the integrity of the system by excluding the duplicate files. To sum up, should ENISA be satisfied with its current state of IT Security? Why? Or why not? ENISA needs to improvise and make amendments in its current state of IT Security. ENISA needs to adopt some recommendations and mitigate the current underlying issues to make its Big Data System more robust and efficient. According to the issues discussed above there are certain recommendations which needs to be taken into account and should be implemented. Policy makers of ENISA should facilitate some guidance for the security of Big Data systems in the area which is critical (Enisa.europa.eu, 2017). The nature of Big Data System is distributed among various levels and different cluster of systems. For this reason, the crucial support systems need proper guidelines to make their system full proof in the aspect of security. Another recommendation is that compliance with the security standards is required of the products which are used in the Big Data System. Products may be devices, cloud or services. It can eliminate threat as the products will be in certified from companies who provide original and cyber-attack proof products especially made for systems of Big Data. They offer solutions and are more flexible and cost efficient and provide self-certification and self-attestation. Authorities who are competent in the critical sectors should advice the vendors to apply authentication mechanisms and protocols to increase the level of security of the products. Since a system constitutes mainly of the devices which are deployed to process and run the entire system. They have access to the data and processing is also done through them. So, if the devices are not capable enough to provide security o the data and processing then it becomes a serious security concern and should not be accepted. There should be standardization in the security of Big Data Systems. These standards should be made by some governing bodies. As of now there are no security standards listed anywhere in the name of Big Data Systems (Enisa.europa.eu, 2017). Keeping in mind the speed of growth and level of seriousness of the Big Data Systems some groups of industries or organizations should make standards of security for rest of the world to follow. To comply on those standardizations vendors sh ould train and update their technical staffs to enhance security and learn standards of security applicable for Big Data Systems. New systems will evolve and new technology will come to replace the old ones. The technical staff should know the latest technology and should be well versed to tackle any challenge of the security of the system. For that, certifications and trainings should be provided to the staff from the vendors or organizations that use Big Data Systems. References Brewer, R. (2015). Cyber threats: reducing the time to detection and response.Network Security,2015(5), 5-8. Chen, H., Chiang, R. H., Storey, V. C. (2012). Business intelligence and analytics: From big data to big impact.MIS quarterly,36(4). Danaher, J. (2014). Rule by algorithm? Big data and the threat of algocracy.Institute for Ethics and Emerging Technologies. Enisa.europa.eu. (2017).Big Data Threat Landscape ENISA.Enisa.europa.eu. Retrieved 8 September 2017, from https://www.enisa.europa.eu/publications/bigdata-threat-landscape Gandomi, A., Haider, M. (2015). Beyond the hype: Big data concepts, methods, and analytics.International Journal of Information Management,35(2), 137-144. Gantz, J., Reinsel, D. (2012). Extracting value from chaos.IDC iview,1142(2011), 1-12. Gao, H., Peng, Y., Jia, K., Wen, Z., Li, H. (2015, September). Cyber-Physical Systems Testbed Based on Cloud Computing and Software Defined Network. InIntelligent Information Hiding and Multimedia Signal Processing (IIH-MSP), 2015 International Conference on(pp. 337-340). IEEE. Hurst, W., Merabti, M., Fergus, P. (2014, May). Big data analysis techniques for cyber-threat detection in critical infrastructures. InAdvanced Information Networking and Applications Workshops (WAINA), 2014 28th International Conference on(pp. 916-921). IEEE. Kitchin, R. (2014). The real-time city? Big data and smart urbanism.GeoJournal,79(1), 1-14. Kwon, O., Lee, N., Shin, B. (2014). Data quality management, data usage experience and acquisition intention of big data analytics.International Journal of Information Management,34(3), 387-394. Leyshock, P., Maier, D., Tufte, K. (2014, October). Minimizing data movement through query transformation. InBig Data (Big Data), 2014 IEEE International Conference on(pp. 311-316). IEEE. Lynch, C. (2014). Big data: How do your data grow?.Nature,455(7209), 28-29. Omosebi, O., Sotiriadis, S., Asimakopoulou, E., Bessis, N., Trovati, M., Hill, R. (2015, November). Designing a Subscription Service for Earthquake Big Data Analysis from Multiple Sources. InP2P, Parallel, Grid, Cloud and Internet Computing (3PGCIC), 2015 10th International Conference on(pp. 601-604). IEEE. O'Neil, C. (2017).Weapons of math destruction: How big data increases inequality and threatens democracy. Broadway Books. Oseku-Afful, T. (2016). The use of Big Data Analytics to protect Critical Information Infrastructures from Cyber-attacks. Patel, A. K., Bhilare, D. S. (2013) A Survey of Big Data Analytics for Network Traffic Monitoring to Identify Cyber Attacks. Scherer, V., Kaponig, B. (2013, December). EMC Hadoop as a service solution for use cases in the automotive industry. InConnected Vehicles and Expo (ICCVE), 2013 International Conference on(pp. 488-493). IEEE. Terry, N. P. (2012). Protecting patient privacy in the age of big data.UMKC L. Rev.,81, 385. Townsend, A. M. (2013).Smart cities: Big data, civic hackers, and the quest for a new utopia. WW Norton Company. Vashisht, P., Gupta, V. (2015, October). Big data analytics techniques: A survey. InGreen Computing and Internet of Things (ICGCIoT), 2015 International Conference on(pp. 264-269). IEEE.

PSYCH THEORIES Essay Example For Students

PSYCH THEORIES Essay On Narcissism: Psychological Theories and Therapeutic Interventions in the Narcissistic DisordersIntroductionUnderstanding the Narcissistic PhenomenonThe so called narcissistic personality disorder is a complex and often misunderstood disorder. The cardinal feature of the narcissistic personality is the grandiose sense of self importance, but paradoxically underneath this grandiosity the narcissist suffers from a chronically fragile low self esteem. The grandiosity of the narcissist, however, is often so pervasive that we tend to dehumanize him or her. The narcissist conjures in us images of the mythological character Narcissus who could only love himself, rebuffing anyone who attempted to touch him. Nevertheless, it is the underlying sense of inferiority which is the real problem of the narcissist, the grandiosity is just a facade used to cover the deep feelings of inadequacy. The Makeup of the Narcissistic PersonalityThe narcissists grandiose behavior is designed to reaffirm his or her sense of adequacy. Since the narcissist is incapable of asserting his or her own sense of adequacy, the narcissist seeks to be admired by others. However, the narcissists extremely fragile sense of self worth does not allow him or her to risk any criticism. Therefore, meaningful emotional interactions with others are avoided. By simultaneously seeking the admiration of others and keeping them at a distance the narcissist is usually able to maintain the illusion of grandiosity no matter how people respond. Thus, when people praise the narcissist his or her grandiosity will increase, but when criticized the grandiosity will usually remain unaffected because the narcissist will devalue the criticizing person. Akhtar (1989) as cited in Carson Butcher, 1992; P. 271 discusses six areas of pathological functioning which characterize the narcissist. In particular, four of these na rcissistic character traits best illustrate the pattern discussed above.(1) a narcissistic individual has a basic sense of inferiority, which underlies a preoccupation with fantasies of outstanding achievement; (2) a narcissistic individual is unable to trust and rely on others and thus develops numerous, shallow relationships to extract tributes from others; (3) a narcissistic individual has a shifting morality-always ready to shift values to gain favor; and (4) a narcissistic person is unable to remain in love, showing an impaired capacity for a committed relationship. The Therapeutic Essence of Treating NarcissismThe narcissist who enters therapy does not think that there is something wrong with him or her. Typically, the narcissist seeks therapy because he or she is unable to maintain the grandiosity which protects him or her from the feelings of despair. The narcissist views his or her situation arising not as a result of a personal maladjustment; rather it is some factor in th e environment which is beyond the narcissists controlwhich has caused his or her present situation. Therefore, the narcissist expects the therapist not to cure him or her from a problem which he or she does not perceive to exist, rather the narcissist expects the therapist to restore the protective feeling of grandiosity. It is therefore essential for the therapist to be alert to the narcissists attempts to steer therapy towards healing the injured grandiose part, rather than exploringthe underlying feelings of inferiority and despair. Differential Psychological Views of NarcissismThe use of the term narcissism in relation to psychological phenomena was first made by Ellis in 1898. Ellis described a special state of auto-erotism as Narcissus like, in which the sexual feelings become absorbed in self admiration (Goldberg, 1980). The term was later incorporated into Freuds psychoanalytic theory in 1914 in his essay On Narcissism. Freud conceptualized narcissism as a as a sexual perversion involving a pathological sexual love to ones own body (Sandler Person, 1991). Henceforth, several psychological theories have attempted to explain and treat the narcissistic phenomenon. Specifically, the most comprehensive psychological theories have been advanced by the psychodynamic perspective and to a lesser extent the Jungian (analytical) perspective. Essentially, both theories cite developmental problems in childhood as leading to the development of the narcissistic disorder. The existential school has also attempted to deal with the narcissistic problem, although the available literature is much smaller. Existentialists postulate that society as a whole can be the crucial factor in the development of narcissism. The final perspective to be discussed is the humanistic approach which although lacking a specific theory on narcissism, can nevertheless be applied to the narcissistic disorder. In many ways the humanistic approach to narcissism echoes the sentiments of the psychodynamic approach. The Psychodynamic Perspective of NarcissismThe psychodynamic model of narcissism is dominated by two overlapping schools of thought, the self psychology school and the object relations school. The self psychology school, represented by Kohut, posits that narcissism is a component of everyones psyche. We are all born as narcissists and gradually our infantile narcissism matures into a healthy adult narcissism. A narcissistic disorder results when this process is somehow disrupted. By contrast the object relations scho ol, represented by Kernberg, argues that narcissism does not result from the arrest of the normal maturation of infantile narcissism, rather a narcissism represents a fixation in one of the developmental periods of childhood. Specifically, the narcissist is fixated at a developmental stage in which the differentiation between the self and others is blurred. Kohuts Theory of NarcissismKohut believes that narcissism is a normal developmental milestone, and the healthy person learns to transform his or her infantile narcissism into adult narcissism. This transformation takes place through the process which Kohut terms transmuting internalizations. As the infant is transformed into an adult he or she will invariably encounter various challenges resulting in some frustration. If this frustration exceeds thecoping abilities of the person only slightly the person experiences optimal frustration. Optimal frustration leads the person to develop a strong internal structure (i.e., a strong sense of the self) which is used to compensate for the lack of external structure (i.e., support from others). In the narcissist the process of transmuting internalizations is arrested because the person experiences a level of frustration which exceeds optimal frustration. The narcissist thus remains stuck at the infantile level, displaying many of the character istics of the omnipotent and invulnerable child (Kohut, 1977). Kernbergs Theory of NarcissismKernbergs views on narcissism are based on Mahlers theory of the separation-individuation process in infancy and early childhood. Mahlers model discusses how the developing child gains a stable self concept by successfully mastering the two forerunner phases (normal autism and normal symbiosis) and the four subphases (differentiation, practicing, rapprochement, and consolidation) of separation-individuation. Kernberg argues that the narcissist is unable to successfully master the rapprochement subphase and is thus fixated at this level. It is essential, however, to understand the dynamics of the practicing subphase before proceeding to tackle the narcissists fixation at the rapprochement subphase. The practicing subphase (age 10 to 14 months) marks the developmental stage at which the child learns to walk. The ability to walk gives the child a whole new perspective of the world around him. This new ability endows the child with a sense of grandiosity and omnipotence which closely resemble the narcissists behavior. However, reality soon catches up with the child as the child enters the rapprochement subphase(age 14 to 24 months). At this stage the child discovers that he or she is not omnipotent, that there are limits to what he or she can do. According to Kernberg if the child is severely frustrated at this stage he or she can adapt by re-fusing or returning to the practicing subphase, which affords him the security of grandiosity and omnipotence (Kernberg, 1976). The Preferred Psychodynamic model The Psychodynamic literature in general tends to lean towards the object relations school because of the emphasis it places on a comprehensive developmental explanation (i.e. the use of Mahlers individuation-separation model). Nevertheless, the theory of Kohut has left a deep impression on Psychodynamic thinking as is evident by the utilization of many of his concepts in the literature (i.e. Johnson, 1987; Manfield, 1992; and Masterson, 1 981). Therefore in the remainder of the Psychodynamic section a similar approach will be taken, by emphasizing object relations concepts with the utilization of the occasional Kohutian idea.The Emergence of the Narcissistic PersonalityAccording to Kernberg and the object relations school the crisis of the rapprochement subphase is critical to the development of the narcissistic personality. The individual who is unable to successfully master the challenges of this stage will sustain a narcissistic injury. In essence the narcissistic injury will occur whenever the environment (in particular significant others) needs the individual to be something which he or she is not. The narcissistically injured individual is thus told Dont be who you are, be who I need you to be. Who you are disappoints me, threatens me angers me, overstimulates me. Be what I want and I will love you (Johnson, 1987; P. 39). The narcissistic injury devastates the individuals emerging self. Unable to be what he or she truly is the narcissistically injured person adapts by splitting his personality into what Kohut terms the nuclear (real) self and the false self. The real self becomes fragmented and repressed, whereas the false self takes over the individual. The narcissist thus learns to reject himself or herself by hiding what has been rejected by others. Subsequently, the narcissist will attempt to compensate for his or her deficiencies by trying to impress others through his or her grandiosity. The narcissist essentially decides that There is something wrong with me as I am. Therefore, I must be special (Johnson, 1987; P. 53). The Narcissists View of OthersJust as the individual becomes narcissistic because that is what the environment needed him or her to be, so does the narcissist view others not as they are, but as what he or she needs them to be. Others are thus perceived to exist only in relation to the narcissists needs. The term object relations thus takes on a special meaning with the narcissist. We are objects to him, and to the extent that we are narcissistic, others are objects to us. He doesnt really see and hear and feel who we are and, to the extent that we are narcissistic, we do not really see and hear and feel the true presence of others. They, we, are objects I am not real. You are not real. You are an object to me. I am an object to you (Johnson, 1987; P. 48). It is apparent than that the narcissist maintains the infantile illusion of being merged to the object. At a psychological level he or she experiences difficulties in differentiating the self from others. It is the extent of this inability to distinguish personal boundaries which determines the severity of the narcissistic disorder (Johnson, 1987). Hysteria in The Crucible EssayAnalytical Treatment of NarcissismSince the narcissistic condition is a manifestation of Self-estrangement, the analytical therapist attempts to heal the rupture in the ego-Self axis bond, which was created by the lack of good enough mothering. To heal this rupture the therapist must convey to the narcissist through emphatic means that others do care about him or her; that is the therapist must repair the archetype of the good mother through a maternally caring approach (Asper, 1993). A maternal approach involves being attentive to the narcissists needs. Just as a mother can intuitively sense her babys needs so must the therapist feel and observe what is not verbally expressed by the narcissist. Such a maternal approach allows the narcissist to experience more sympathy towards his or her true feelings and thus gradually the need to withdraw into the narcissistic defense disappears (Asper, 1993). The Existential Perspective of NarcissismExistentialists perceive narcissism to be a byproduct of an alienating society. It is difficult for the individual to truly be himself or herself because society offers many rewards for the individual who conforms to its rules. Such an individual becomes alienated because he or she feels that societys rituals and demands grant him or her little significance and options in the control of his or her own destiny. To compensate such an individual takes pleasure in his or her own uniqueness (grandiosity), he or she enjoys what others cannot see and control. Thus, the alienated person sees himself as a puppet cued by social circumstances which exact ritualized performances from him. His irritation about the inevitability of this is counterbalanced by one major consolation. This consists of his narcissistic affection for his own machinery-that is, his own processes and parts (Johnson, 1977; P. 141).Existential Treatment of NarcissismThe existential treatment of the narcissist is based on the existential t enant that all existing persons have the need and possibility of going out from their centeredness to participate in other beings (Monte, 1991; P. 492). The severely alienated narcissistic individual, however, does not believe in the validity of experience outside of the self. Unlike others, the narcissist does not believe that a constructive relationship with others is possible. Existentialists therefore believe that the therapist, through emphatic understanding, must create a strong bond with the narcissist, so that he or she can see that others have feelings too (Johnson, 1977). The Humanistic (Client-Centered) Perspective of NarcissismThus far, no specific formulations have been advanced by humanistic theorists about the etiology of the narcissistic condition. Nevertheless, by utilizing general humanistic principles it is possible to explain narcissism. Essentially, much like the psychodynamic explanation, humanistic psychology would argue that narcissism results when individual s are not allowed to truly be who they are. According to humanistic theory, humans have an innate need for self actualization. We want to be the best person that we could possibly be. This is accomplished by internalizing the behaviors that fit with the individuals personal self concept (that which the individual finds to be appealing). However the self is also subject to pressure from significant others. Significant others place upon the individual, conditions of worth, upon which their love and approval is dependent. These conditions may or may not be congruent with the individuals personal self. If they contrast sharply with the personal self, and the individual does not want to risk loosing the approval or love of significant others, then that individual will behave in ways maladaptive to his or her self actualization needs. Although humanistic theory does not elaborate on the specificity of these maladaptive behaviors, it is possible to speculate that narcissism is one possible outcome. Specifically, the Words/ Pages : 5, 294 / 24

Things Are Not What They Seem Essay free essay sample

, Research Paper Thingss Are Not Always What They Seem William Faulkner s short narrative A Rose for Emily centres around Miss Emily and what the townspeople think of Miss Emily. One of the subjects for A Rose for Emily is appearance versus world. This subject of visual aspect versus world can be seen through what the townspeople think of Miss Emily and by the actions taken by Miss Emily. Miss Emily was portion of the old South, who refused to alter with the times. Miss Emily was of the upper category until her male parent died. Miss Emily did non hold to pay revenue enhancements because: Miss Emily s male parent had loaned money to the town, which the town, as a affair of concern, preferred this manner of refunding. ( 71 ) . When her male parent died all that Miss Emily was left with was the house. This made the townsfolk happy in a manner. We will write a custom essay sample on Things Are Not What They Seem Essay or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The townsfolk now could feel for Miss Emily. Being left entirely, and a pauper, she had become humanized. ( 73 ) . When Miss Emily was seeing Homer Baron the townsfolk thought she would neer travel out with a twenty-four hours labourer from the North. ( 74 ) . The townsfolk so assumed that Miss Emily wanted to get married Homer Baron. Until Homer Baron was heard to state that he liked work forces and that he was non a marrying mom n. ( 75 ) . Because Homer said he was homosexual, Miss Emily had bought rat toxicant and the townsfolk assumed that she would kill herself the following twenty-four hours. Miss Emily did non kill herself the following twenty-four hours or the following twenty-four hours after that. Shortly after Miss Emily had bought the rat toxicant Homer Baron disappeared. The townsfolk thought that Homer had left town. But he did non ; Miss Emily had murdered him with the rat toxicant that she had bought. After slaying Homer Baron Miss Emily neer left her house. She Merely sent her retainer, The Negro, to make everything for her. Finally Miss Emily eventually passed off. And this is when the townsfolk found out what really happened to Homer Baron. He did non go forth town as the townsfolk had thought he was murdered by Miss Emily. There Homer Baron laid on Miss Emily s bed in a province of embracing and on the pillow beside him a long base of Fe grey hair was found. ( 77 ) . This indicates to us that Miss Emily had been kiping with the dead organic structure of Homer Baron. One can now see that visual aspect versus world can be a subject of Faulkner s short narrative A Rose for Emily. Because of what the townsfolk think is traveling on with Miss Emily and what really is traveling on with Miss Emily.